Corruption, once vastly tolerated, is already considered as part of the acceptable norm. If it is already persistent across generations and in a nationwide scale, it is already a culture. This Filipino Culture of Corruption, which is more devastating than Ningas Cogon or Manana Habit, is what I intend to eradicate by means of disculturization, which will primarily use EDUCATION that is purely focused on the disease.
In line with this, I think there should be an Annual Mandatory Video Seminar and Conforme-Signing on Anti-Corruption and Ethics for all Government employees, consultants, and contractors, and Students of all school levels.
xxxxx
I dedicate this blog to my FB friends who celebrate their birthdays today.
Adolf Aguilar, Amy Lynn Fabiaña, Angelo Petalcorin, Angie Calata, Christine Belle Bucton, Emi Bagtaso, Gemmar Abarico Balabala, Gemmar Abarico Balabala, Marie Louise Go, Mario Petalcorin, Mark Jhulhan, Precy Bristol, Tan James, Zex Petalcorin, Zexis Petalcorin
Friday, December 17, 2010
Wednesday, December 15, 2010
Downside of Conditional Cash Transfer Program
QUESTION: Sir John, will the Conditional Cash Transfer Program of PNoy be effective in helping the poorest of the poor?
ANSWER: In my study, the answer is NO. PNoy's version of CCTP is designed only to be benefited by those poor in the cities and easily-accessible municipalities.
PNoy's CCTP version will encourage the continued influx of poor people from the rural areas (where most of them lives) to the cities. It is like calling all poor people to come down from the rural areas to the cities so they can collect their CCTP benefits. Among the many "Conditions" to benefit from the CCTP is that the kids of the beneficiary household must go to school and the payee must have an account in Landbank.
Seven (7) out of ten (10) poorest provinces in the Philippines can be found in Mindanao and most of them are classified as remote rural areas -- very far from schools and the idea of a "bank" is very out of their league. So, for our top 48 poorest rural human settlements in remote places in Mindanao, sorry, the CCTP will most likely not reach them.
DEFINITELY, the Conditional Cash Transfer Program of PNoy Administration is not well-targetted to the remote rural areas where most of the empoverished population lives. The government becomes a LIAR when it claims that CCTP is an effective poverty eradication program.
xxxxx
Cash transfer program seen to meet MDG
By Helen M. Flores (philstar.com) Updated November 21, 2010 07:02 PM
URL: http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=632170&publicationSubCategoryId=200
MANILA, Philippines - The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) could help the government fulfill its commitment to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of halving extreme hunger and poverty by 2015, an international adviser on poverty said.
Tarcisio Castaneda, a social protection specialist, said the 4Ps, a conditional cash transfer program, empowers extremely poor families to seek access to the government’s health and education services, which in the long run can lift them up from extreme poverty.
“The CCT program’s safety net component aims to provide social assistance for short term poverty reduction but in the long run eradicates poverty by building the capacity of children of poor families to complete schooling and improve health conditions, which is considered a huge investment in human capital,” said Castaneda. “In essence, the CCT helps the country fulfill its commitment to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDG) that include eradication of extreme hunger and poverty, access to maternal and child health care and universal access to primary education.”
Castaneda, who conducted extensive studies on the impact of CCT programs in Latin American and Asian countries, said the program’s key requirement for poor families to access health and education services in exchange for cash assistance should not be viewed as sanctions. In fact, he said these conditions are aimed to “empower them to better their living conditions and immediately get access to cash assistance.”
He said some of the countries that have successfully implemented CCT programs to address poverty were Mexico, Colombia and Brazil.
Castaneda said the key designs of the CCT program is sensitive to the Filipinos’ culture and values that will enable them to comply to the conditions by having their children complete school days and undergo regular health services.
ANSWER: In my study, the answer is NO. PNoy's version of CCTP is designed only to be benefited by those poor in the cities and easily-accessible municipalities.
PNoy's CCTP version will encourage the continued influx of poor people from the rural areas (where most of them lives) to the cities. It is like calling all poor people to come down from the rural areas to the cities so they can collect their CCTP benefits. Among the many "Conditions" to benefit from the CCTP is that the kids of the beneficiary household must go to school and the payee must have an account in Landbank.
Seven (7) out of ten (10) poorest provinces in the Philippines can be found in Mindanao and most of them are classified as remote rural areas -- very far from schools and the idea of a "bank" is very out of their league. So, for our top 48 poorest rural human settlements in remote places in Mindanao, sorry, the CCTP will most likely not reach them.
DEFINITELY, the Conditional Cash Transfer Program of PNoy Administration is not well-targetted to the remote rural areas where most of the empoverished population lives. The government becomes a LIAR when it claims that CCTP is an effective poverty eradication program.
xxxxx
Cash transfer program seen to meet MDG
By Helen M. Flores (philstar.com) Updated November 21, 2010 07:02 PM
URL: http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=632170&publicationSubCategoryId=200
MANILA, Philippines - The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) could help the government fulfill its commitment to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of halving extreme hunger and poverty by 2015, an international adviser on poverty said.
Tarcisio Castaneda, a social protection specialist, said the 4Ps, a conditional cash transfer program, empowers extremely poor families to seek access to the government’s health and education services, which in the long run can lift them up from extreme poverty.
“The CCT program’s safety net component aims to provide social assistance for short term poverty reduction but in the long run eradicates poverty by building the capacity of children of poor families to complete schooling and improve health conditions, which is considered a huge investment in human capital,” said Castaneda. “In essence, the CCT helps the country fulfill its commitment to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDG) that include eradication of extreme hunger and poverty, access to maternal and child health care and universal access to primary education.”
Castaneda, who conducted extensive studies on the impact of CCT programs in Latin American and Asian countries, said the program’s key requirement for poor families to access health and education services in exchange for cash assistance should not be viewed as sanctions. In fact, he said these conditions are aimed to “empower them to better their living conditions and immediately get access to cash assistance.”
He said some of the countries that have successfully implemented CCT programs to address poverty were Mexico, Colombia and Brazil.
Castaneda said the key designs of the CCT program is sensitive to the Filipinos’ culture and values that will enable them to comply to the conditions by having their children complete school days and undergo regular health services.
10 soldiers, 9-year-old boy killed in NPA ambush
Wala pa palang ceasefire nung nangyari yan. ehhh kung hindi pagong etong administration na eto, hindi mangyari yan. Ehh ang tagal na naka-salang for signature yang ceasefire, ehhh pagong ang administration, ayun two days before the effectivity of ceasefire naputukan. Parang hindi yata alam ng Administration na eto na pag mas maaga at mas mahaba ang ceasefire mas nakakabuti.
Atsaka mahirap din kausap ng GRP on ceasefire agreements. Halimbawa sa Mindanao, tingnan mo yang ceasefire ng GRP and MNLF, 1993 pa yan. Simula 1993 up to present, mahigit 30 na ang ceasefire violation ng GRP. Ang MNLF napaka-neat ng record, walang aggression, walang offensive action, pero of course merong strong defense, pag nag-cross ang GRP sa line of course nagkaka-putukan. Etong GRP nag-buo pa ng Abbu Sayaff, pinondohan, para magamit nila pang-gulo sa front, kunwari hinahabol nila para maka-pasok sa MNLF teritories, para ma-justify ang violation nila sa ceasefire.
xxxxx
10 soldiers, 9-year-old boy killed in NPA ambush
By Miriam Desacada (The Philippine Star) Updated December 16, 2010 12:00 AM
URL: http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=639615&publicationSubCategoryId=63
TACLOBAN CITY, Philippines - Suspected New People’s Army (NPA) guerrillas killed ten soldiers and a nine-year-old boy in an ambush yesterday afternoon in Northern Samar, in what Philippine National Police (PNP) officials said could be the second deadliest attack against government troops this year.
Reports reaching the Armed Forces Central Command (CENTCOM) said the ambush happened last Tuesday at around 3 p.m. within the boundary of barangays Sta. Fe and Perez.
CENTCOM spokesman Maj. Christopher Tampus said a 12-man squad from the 63rd Infantry Battalion were about to return to their patrol base to observe the holiday ceasefire when they were waylaid by an undetermined number of rebels.
The identities of the ten soldiers were withheld pending notification of their immediate families. Tampus said all of the fatalities are enlisted personnel.
Also killed was a nine-year-old boy named Joven Cabe, who was swimming in the riverbank during the incident. Cabe sustained multiple injuries.
Two badly wounded soldiers survived the attack and are now recuperating at an undisclosed hospital in the province.
They were identified as Cpl. Ricardo Cabral and Pfc. Heder Pavillon.
“Both (Pavillon and Cabral) have survived the ambush and are presently confined at the Catubig District Hospital. They are said to be in stable condition,” Tampus said.
CENTCOM Commander Lt. Gen. Ralph Villanueva called the ambush “an act of treachery” by the NPA.
“We are preparing for the ceasefire. They (troops) are going back to defensive mode but the rebels took advantage of that. It was really unfortunate,” Villanueva said.
“This is a very unfortunate event especially this Christmas season. This is the sacrifice that our soldiers take in pursuit of peace in the Visayas,” he added.
Despite the incident, Villanueva said his troops will continue to adhere to the holiday truce, which will begin today until Jan. 3.
The Army’s 8th Division, which supervises military operations in Samar, said the ambush proves that the National Democratic Front (NDF) is not sincere in holding peace talks with the government.
“NDF demand for peace talk is a mere ploy to advance their offensives against the government... The rebels used destructive improvised mines to assure the fatality of the troops,” said Lt. Col. Noel Vestuir, spokesman of the 8th Division.
“It only shows their true intention why peace talks is once again brought out of the picture,” he added.
Tampus said three companies of soldiers have been mobilized to secure the area while authorities are conducting investigations.
The NPA rebels seized 12 high-powered firearms and a radio from the ambushed troops, stripped their victims of clothes and other personal belongings before fleeing towards the northern part of the province.
Wanted: Long and lasting peace
Meanwhile, government peace panel chairman Alexander Padilla said yesterday that the Aquino administration is eyeing to forge a final peace agreement with the NDF within three years.
Padilla said the government is bent on finding a political settlement with the communist group along with its armed group the NPA and its underground political organization, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).
“We hope that everything will be finished in three years because we want the administration to implement the settlement,” he said, adding that the 41-year-old armed struggle being waged by the CPP-NPA-NDF is the “longest protracted insurgency” in the whole world.
“These negotiations have been going on for so long. If we cannot have an agreement in this administration, we might find it hard to have it in the next,” Padilla said, referring to the difference between the Aquino administration and the previous administration’s strategies in solving the insurgency problem.
“The previous administration tried to eliminate the NPA in three years’ time but did not succeed because they used military means,” he said, emphasizing that the current administration believes that government cannot end the rebellion through a military solution.
“We have not seen anybody who have won through military means, that is why we need a political solution. We really need to talk,” Padilla said.
He said the NDF cannot also win their war through the same approach.
“Communism as a political ideology is outdated. Political conflicts today are not about ideologies. Issues of conflict are now on climate change, resources, among others,” Padilla said.
The government and the NDF have agreed to observe a Christmas ceasefire starting Dec. 16 up to Jan. 3, 2011 following an informal chair-to-chair meeting in Hong Kong two weeks ago.
Padilla and panel member Pablito Sanidad met with NDF chair Luis Jalandoni, Consuelo Ledesma and their lawyer with no pre-set agenda.
Both parties have likewise agreed to conduct another round of informal talks in January and resume formal peace negotiations in February next year. – With Alexis Romero, Jose Rodel Clapano
Atsaka mahirap din kausap ng GRP on ceasefire agreements. Halimbawa sa Mindanao, tingnan mo yang ceasefire ng GRP and MNLF, 1993 pa yan. Simula 1993 up to present, mahigit 30 na ang ceasefire violation ng GRP. Ang MNLF napaka-neat ng record, walang aggression, walang offensive action, pero of course merong strong defense, pag nag-cross ang GRP sa line of course nagkaka-putukan. Etong GRP nag-buo pa ng Abbu Sayaff, pinondohan, para magamit nila pang-gulo sa front, kunwari hinahabol nila para maka-pasok sa MNLF teritories, para ma-justify ang violation nila sa ceasefire.
xxxxx
10 soldiers, 9-year-old boy killed in NPA ambush
By Miriam Desacada (The Philippine Star) Updated December 16, 2010 12:00 AM
URL: http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=639615&publicationSubCategoryId=63
TACLOBAN CITY, Philippines - Suspected New People’s Army (NPA) guerrillas killed ten soldiers and a nine-year-old boy in an ambush yesterday afternoon in Northern Samar, in what Philippine National Police (PNP) officials said could be the second deadliest attack against government troops this year.
Reports reaching the Armed Forces Central Command (CENTCOM) said the ambush happened last Tuesday at around 3 p.m. within the boundary of barangays Sta. Fe and Perez.
CENTCOM spokesman Maj. Christopher Tampus said a 12-man squad from the 63rd Infantry Battalion were about to return to their patrol base to observe the holiday ceasefire when they were waylaid by an undetermined number of rebels.
The identities of the ten soldiers were withheld pending notification of their immediate families. Tampus said all of the fatalities are enlisted personnel.
Also killed was a nine-year-old boy named Joven Cabe, who was swimming in the riverbank during the incident. Cabe sustained multiple injuries.
Two badly wounded soldiers survived the attack and are now recuperating at an undisclosed hospital in the province.
They were identified as Cpl. Ricardo Cabral and Pfc. Heder Pavillon.
“Both (Pavillon and Cabral) have survived the ambush and are presently confined at the Catubig District Hospital. They are said to be in stable condition,” Tampus said.
CENTCOM Commander Lt. Gen. Ralph Villanueva called the ambush “an act of treachery” by the NPA.
“We are preparing for the ceasefire. They (troops) are going back to defensive mode but the rebels took advantage of that. It was really unfortunate,” Villanueva said.
“This is a very unfortunate event especially this Christmas season. This is the sacrifice that our soldiers take in pursuit of peace in the Visayas,” he added.
Despite the incident, Villanueva said his troops will continue to adhere to the holiday truce, which will begin today until Jan. 3.
The Army’s 8th Division, which supervises military operations in Samar, said the ambush proves that the National Democratic Front (NDF) is not sincere in holding peace talks with the government.
“NDF demand for peace talk is a mere ploy to advance their offensives against the government... The rebels used destructive improvised mines to assure the fatality of the troops,” said Lt. Col. Noel Vestuir, spokesman of the 8th Division.
“It only shows their true intention why peace talks is once again brought out of the picture,” he added.
Tampus said three companies of soldiers have been mobilized to secure the area while authorities are conducting investigations.
The NPA rebels seized 12 high-powered firearms and a radio from the ambushed troops, stripped their victims of clothes and other personal belongings before fleeing towards the northern part of the province.
Wanted: Long and lasting peace
Meanwhile, government peace panel chairman Alexander Padilla said yesterday that the Aquino administration is eyeing to forge a final peace agreement with the NDF within three years.
Padilla said the government is bent on finding a political settlement with the communist group along with its armed group the NPA and its underground political organization, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).
“We hope that everything will be finished in three years because we want the administration to implement the settlement,” he said, adding that the 41-year-old armed struggle being waged by the CPP-NPA-NDF is the “longest protracted insurgency” in the whole world.
“These negotiations have been going on for so long. If we cannot have an agreement in this administration, we might find it hard to have it in the next,” Padilla said, referring to the difference between the Aquino administration and the previous administration’s strategies in solving the insurgency problem.
“The previous administration tried to eliminate the NPA in three years’ time but did not succeed because they used military means,” he said, emphasizing that the current administration believes that government cannot end the rebellion through a military solution.
“We have not seen anybody who have won through military means, that is why we need a political solution. We really need to talk,” Padilla said.
He said the NDF cannot also win their war through the same approach.
“Communism as a political ideology is outdated. Political conflicts today are not about ideologies. Issues of conflict are now on climate change, resources, among others,” Padilla said.
The government and the NDF have agreed to observe a Christmas ceasefire starting Dec. 16 up to Jan. 3, 2011 following an informal chair-to-chair meeting in Hong Kong two weeks ago.
Padilla and panel member Pablito Sanidad met with NDF chair Luis Jalandoni, Consuelo Ledesma and their lawyer with no pre-set agenda.
Both parties have likewise agreed to conduct another round of informal talks in January and resume formal peace negotiations in February next year. – With Alexis Romero, Jose Rodel Clapano
Monday, December 13, 2010
Hubert Webb
After 15 years of imprisonment for murder, Hubert Webb is finally free. Case aquitted by Supreme Court.
Etong mga abokado ay minsan walang common sense of justice, pinipigilan ang exploration and presentation of evidence. Kaya ayun, injustice ang resulta.
Preventing the presentation of the "envelope" during Erap's impeachment case led to his ousting, then after years when the envelope was openned it was found that it contains NO incriminating evidence against Erap, too late na.
This Hubert Webb case, the prosecution prevented the DNA matching of the semen fluids found in the victims and that of the accused. After years, the fluid cells can no longer be analyzed, too late na.
The Mayor Antonio Sanchez case has also the same error with the Hubert Webb Case. Hindi pinayagan na i-match ang DNA ng fluids.
Pag evidence, hayaan lang i-presenta. Huwag pigilan. Huwag i-suppress ang evidence para ang truth study ay parehas.
Si Jesus Christ ang nagpa-uso ng conviction of innocent people. Si Jesus Christ, noong panahon niya 99.9% ng population nag-susumigaw na guilty siya at dapat bitayin. He he he he ayun ki-nrucify talaga siya.
Tingnan mo mga simbahan, mga kwintas na sinusuot natin, naka-show-case ang crucifiction, kaya ayun parang may epekto sa utak natin na hindi natin nalalaman, parang cursed tayo na nag-pi-people power para bitayin natin ang mga inocente kahit sa media lang tayo nakikinig at wala naman tayo doon sa korte. Pati yung pag-torture kay Kristo naka-showcase, meron pang prosisyon, parang unconsciously kino-condition ang mind natin na maging tolerant tayo sa "torture".
xxxxx
I dedicate this blog to my FB friends who celebrate their birthdays today.
Arlene Briones, Cryszel Ramos Samaniego, Diane Cruz, Dorothy de Lara, Eloisa Mayang Lago-Bautista, Irene Villapando, J-ann L. Escuramo, Jasmine Isha, Jay Hector Lituanas, Julieta Centeno, Lee M. Neri, Ronan Delfin, Tey-tey Borja
Etong mga abokado ay minsan walang common sense of justice, pinipigilan ang exploration and presentation of evidence. Kaya ayun, injustice ang resulta.
Preventing the presentation of the "envelope" during Erap's impeachment case led to his ousting, then after years when the envelope was openned it was found that it contains NO incriminating evidence against Erap, too late na.
This Hubert Webb case, the prosecution prevented the DNA matching of the semen fluids found in the victims and that of the accused. After years, the fluid cells can no longer be analyzed, too late na.
The Mayor Antonio Sanchez case has also the same error with the Hubert Webb Case. Hindi pinayagan na i-match ang DNA ng fluids.
Pag evidence, hayaan lang i-presenta. Huwag pigilan. Huwag i-suppress ang evidence para ang truth study ay parehas.
Si Jesus Christ ang nagpa-uso ng conviction of innocent people. Si Jesus Christ, noong panahon niya 99.9% ng population nag-susumigaw na guilty siya at dapat bitayin. He he he he ayun ki-nrucify talaga siya.
Tingnan mo mga simbahan, mga kwintas na sinusuot natin, naka-show-case ang crucifiction, kaya ayun parang may epekto sa utak natin na hindi natin nalalaman, parang cursed tayo na nag-pi-people power para bitayin natin ang mga inocente kahit sa media lang tayo nakikinig at wala naman tayo doon sa korte. Pati yung pag-torture kay Kristo naka-showcase, meron pang prosisyon, parang unconsciously kino-condition ang mind natin na maging tolerant tayo sa "torture".
xxxxx
I dedicate this blog to my FB friends who celebrate their birthdays today.
Arlene Briones, Cryszel Ramos Samaniego, Diane Cruz, Dorothy de Lara, Eloisa Mayang Lago-Bautista, Irene Villapando, J-ann L. Escuramo, Jasmine Isha, Jay Hector Lituanas, Julieta Centeno, Lee M. Neri, Ronan Delfin, Tey-tey Borja
My Vision of the New Bangsamoro Townships
PROSPECTUS OF THE
BOP and NBT
Phase 1. Two (2) years . Bangsamoro Outreach Project (BOP)
Phase 2. Ten (10) years. Implementation of New Bangsamoro Township Projects (NBT)
[CLICK HERE to see the file]
BOP and NBT
Phase 1. Two (2) years . Bangsamoro Outreach Project (BOP)
Phase 2. Ten (10) years. Implementation of New Bangsamoro Township Projects (NBT)
[CLICK HERE to see the file]
Sunday, December 12, 2010
My Anti-Torture Platform
QUESTION: Sir John, ano po ang platform mo about Anti-Torture?
ANSWER: (1) Annual Mandatory Video Seminar and Conforme-Signing on Bill of Rights, Anti-Torture, and Anti-Hazing for all Police/Military personnel, and Students of all school levels, and (2) MTRCB to disallow movies that shows or depicts torture especially by Police/Military on Prisoners/Detainees.
The people should be indoctrinated on the following:
1. What are the different forms of torture?
2. What are the penalties for torturers and their accomplices?
3. How and where to report torture?
4. What action by government is expected on torture reports?
5. What are the available awards and protection for people who report torture?
xxxxx
I dedicate this blog to my FB friends who celebrate their birthdays today.
Antonette Aravejo, Eldred Remollo, Janice Alba, Jeanelyn Delima Petalcorin, Kristal Reyes, Manley Salazar, Marjorie Espina, Monina Operio Abecia, Rommel Vallejos
ANSWER: (1) Annual Mandatory Video Seminar and Conforme-Signing on Bill of Rights, Anti-Torture, and Anti-Hazing for all Police/Military personnel, and Students of all school levels, and (2) MTRCB to disallow movies that shows or depicts torture especially by Police/Military on Prisoners/Detainees.
The people should be indoctrinated on the following:
1. What are the different forms of torture?
2. What are the penalties for torturers and their accomplices?
3. How and where to report torture?
4. What action by government is expected on torture reports?
5. What are the available awards and protection for people who report torture?
xxxxx
I dedicate this blog to my FB friends who celebrate their birthdays today.
Antonette Aravejo, Eldred Remollo, Janice Alba, Jeanelyn Delima Petalcorin, Kristal Reyes, Manley Salazar, Marjorie Espina, Monina Operio Abecia, Rommel Vallejos
Thursday, December 9, 2010
1976 Tripoli Agreement between Philippines and MNLF
QUESTION: Sir John, since when did the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Government of the Philippines started fighting? Is there any attempt to resolve it peacefully?
ANSWER: The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is a political organization whose aim is secession from the Philippines and the establishment of an Islamic state covering Sulu, Mindanao and Palawan. It started in 1968 under the able leadership of Professior Nur Misuari. Armed conflict with the Philippine Government resulted to a Tripoli Agreement of 1976. At present, there is an ongoing ceasefire and peace talks between GRP and MNLF.
xxxxx
Signed on 23 December 1976
THE TRIPOLI AGREEMENT
Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and Moro National Liberation Front with the Participation of the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission Members of the Islamic Conference and the Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference.
In the Name of God, the Omnipotent, the Merciful.
In accordance with the Resolution No. 4 Para. 5 adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Islamic conference in its Fourth Session held in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Republic during the month of Safar 1393 H. corresponding to March 1973, calling for the formation of Quadripartite Ministerial Commission representing the Libyan Arab Republic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Senegal and the Republic of Somalia, to enter into discussions with the Government of the Republic of the Philippines concerning the situation of the Muslims in the South of the Philippines.
And in accordance with the Resolution No. (18) adopted by the Islamic conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in Jumada Alakhir 1393 H. corresponding to June 1974 A.D. which recommends the searching for a just and peaceful political solution to the problem of the Muslims in the South of the Philippines through the negotiations.
And in accordance with the Resolution No. 12/7/S adopted by the Islamic conference held in Istanbul in Jumada El-Ula 1396 H. corresponding to May 1976 A.D. empowering the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission and the Secretary General of the Islamic Conference to take the necessary steps for the resumption of negotiations.
And following the task undertaken by the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission and the Secretary General of the Islamic Conference and the discussions held with H.E. President Marcos, President of the Republic of the Philippines.
And in realization of the contents of Para. 6 of the Joint Communiqué issued in Tripoli on the 25th Zulgeda 1396 H. corresponding to 17th November 1976 A.D. following the official visit paid by the delegation of the Government of the Philippines headed by the First Lady of the Philippines, Mrs. Imelda R. Marcos, to the Libyan Arab Republic and which calls for the resumption of negotiations between the two parties concerned in Tripoli on the 15th of December 1976 A.D.
Negotiations were held in the City of Tripoli during the period between 24th Zulhija 1396 H. to Second to Moharram 1397 H. corresponding to the period from 15th to 23rd December 1976 A.D. at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presided over by Dr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of the Libyan Arab Republic, and comprising of the Delegations of:
1. Government of the Republic of the Philippines, led by Honorable Carmelo Z. Barbero, Undersecretary of National Defense for Civilian Relations.
2. Moro National Liberation Front, led by Mr. Nur Misuari Chief of the Front.
And with the participation of the representatives of the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission:
The Libyan Arab Republic - represented by Dr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - H.E. Salah Abdalla El-Fadl, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Libyan Arab Republic.
The Republic of Senegal - Mr. Abubakar Othman Si, Representative of the Republic of Senegal and Charge d’Affairs of Senegal in Cairo.
Democratic Republic of Somalia, Libyan Arab Republic.
With the aid of H.E. Dr. Amadou Karim Gaye, Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference, and a delegation from the Secretariat General of the Conference composed of Mr. Qasim Zuheri, Assistant Secretary General, and Mr. Aref Ben Musa, Director of Political Department.
During these negotiations which were marked by a spirit of conciliation and understanding, it has been agreed on the following:
First: The establishment of Autonomy in the Southern Philippines within the realm of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of the Philippines.
Second: The areas of the autonomy for the Muslims in the Southern Philippines shall comprise the following:
1. Basilan
2. Sulu
3. Tawi-tawi
4. Zamboanga del Sur
5. Zamboanga del Norte
6. North Cotabato
7. Maguindanao
8. Sultan Kudarat
9. Lanao del Norte
10. Lanao del Sur
11. Davao del Sur
12. South COtabato
13. Palawan
Third:
1. Foreign Policy shall be of the competence of the Central Government of the Philippines.
2. The National Defense Affairs shall be the concern of the Central Authority provided that the arrangements for the joining of the forces of the Moro National Liberation Front with the Philippine Armed Forces be discussed later.
3. In the areas of the autonomy, the Muslims shall have the right to set up their own Courts which implement the Islamic Shari’ah laws. The Muslims shall be represented in all Courts including the Supreme Court. The representation of the Muslims in the Supreme Court shall be upon the recommendation from the authorities of the Autonomy and the Supreme Court. Decrees will be issued by the President of the Republic of their appointments taking into consideration all necessary qualifications of the candidates.
4. Authorities of the autonomy in the South of the Philippines shall have the right to set up schools, colleges and universities, provided that matters pertaining to the relationship between these educational and scientific organs and the general education system in the state shall be subject of discussion later on.
5. The Muslims shall have their own administrative system in compliance with the objectives of the autonomy and its institutions. The relationship between this administrative system and the Central administrative system to be discussed later.
6. The authorities of the autonomy in the South of the Philippines shall have their own economic and financial system. The relationship between this system and the Central economic and financial system of the State shall be discussed later.
7. The authorities of the autonomy in the South of the Philippines shall enjoy the right of representation and participation in the Central Government and in all other organs of the State. The number of representatives and ways of participation shall be fixed later.
8. Special Regional Security Forces are to be set up in the area of the Autonomy for the Muslims in the South of the Philippines. The relationship between these forces and the Central security forces shall be fixed later.
9. A Legislative Assembly and an Executive Council shall be formed in the areas of the Autonomy for the Muslims. The setting up of the Legislative Assembly shall be constituted through a direct election, and the formation of the Executive Council shall take place through appointments by the Legislative Assembly. A decree for their formation shall be enacted by the President of the Republic respectively. The number of members of each assembly shall be determined later on.
10. Mines and mineral resources fall within the competence of the Central Government, and a reasonable percentage deriving from the revenues of the mines and minerals be fixed for the benefit of the areas of the autonomy.
11. A Mixed Committee shall be composed of representatives of the Central Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the representatives of the Moro National Liberation Front. The Mixed Committee shall meet in Tripoli during the period from the Fifth of February to a date not later than the Third of March 1977. The task of said Committee shall be charged to study in detail the points left for discussion in order to reach a solution thereof in conformity with the provisions of this agreement.
12. Cease-fire shall be declared immediately after the signature of this agreement, provided that its coming into effect should not exceed the 20th January 1977. A Joint Committee shall be composed of the two parties with the help of the Organization of the Islamic Conference represented by the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission to supervise the implementation of the cease-fire.
The said Joint Committee shall also be charged with supervising the following:
12.1. A complete amnesty in the areas of the autonomy and the renunciation of all legal claims and codes resulting from events which took place in the South of the Philippines.
12.2. The release of all the political prisoners who had relations with the events in the South of the Philippines.
12.3. The return of all refugees who have abandoned their areas in the South of the Philippines.
12.4. To guarantee the freedom of movements and meetings.
13. A joint meeting be held in Jeddah during the first week of the month of March 1977 to initial what has been concluded by the Committee referred to in Para. 11.
14. The final agreement concerning the setting up of the autonomy referred to in the first and second paragraphs shall be signed in the City of Manila, Republic of the Philippines, between the Government of the Philippines and Moro National Liberation Front, and the Islamic Conference represented by the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission and the Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference.
15. Immediately after the signature of the Agreement in Manila, a Provisional Government shall be established in the areas of the autonomy to be appointed by the President of the Philippines; and be charged with the task of preparing for the elections of the Legislative Assembly in the territories of the Autonomy; and administer the areas in accordance with the provisions of this agreement until a Government is formed by the elected Legislative Assembly.
16. The Government of the Philippines shall take all necessary constitutional processes for the implementation of the entire Agreement.
Fourth: This Agreement shall come into force with effect from the date of its signature.
Done in the City of Tripoli on 2nd Muharram 1397 H. corresponding to 23rd December 1976 A.D. in three original copies in Arabic, English, French languages, all equal in legal power.
For the Government of the Republic of the Philippines:
Hon. Carmelo Z. Barbero
Undersecretary of National Defense for Civilian Relations
For the Moro National Liberation Front:
Professor Nur Misuari
Chairman of the Front
Dr. Ali Abdusaalam Treki
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Libyan Arab Republic and Chairman of the Negotiations
Dr. Amadou Karim Gaye
Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference
ANSWER: The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is a political organization whose aim is secession from the Philippines and the establishment of an Islamic state covering Sulu, Mindanao and Palawan. It started in 1968 under the able leadership of Professior Nur Misuari. Armed conflict with the Philippine Government resulted to a Tripoli Agreement of 1976. At present, there is an ongoing ceasefire and peace talks between GRP and MNLF.
xxxxx
Signed on 23 December 1976
THE TRIPOLI AGREEMENT
Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and Moro National Liberation Front with the Participation of the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission Members of the Islamic Conference and the Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference.
In the Name of God, the Omnipotent, the Merciful.
In accordance with the Resolution No. 4 Para. 5 adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Islamic conference in its Fourth Session held in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Republic during the month of Safar 1393 H. corresponding to March 1973, calling for the formation of Quadripartite Ministerial Commission representing the Libyan Arab Republic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Senegal and the Republic of Somalia, to enter into discussions with the Government of the Republic of the Philippines concerning the situation of the Muslims in the South of the Philippines.
And in accordance with the Resolution No. (18) adopted by the Islamic conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in Jumada Alakhir 1393 H. corresponding to June 1974 A.D. which recommends the searching for a just and peaceful political solution to the problem of the Muslims in the South of the Philippines through the negotiations.
And in accordance with the Resolution No. 12/7/S adopted by the Islamic conference held in Istanbul in Jumada El-Ula 1396 H. corresponding to May 1976 A.D. empowering the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission and the Secretary General of the Islamic Conference to take the necessary steps for the resumption of negotiations.
And following the task undertaken by the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission and the Secretary General of the Islamic Conference and the discussions held with H.E. President Marcos, President of the Republic of the Philippines.
And in realization of the contents of Para. 6 of the Joint Communiqué issued in Tripoli on the 25th Zulgeda 1396 H. corresponding to 17th November 1976 A.D. following the official visit paid by the delegation of the Government of the Philippines headed by the First Lady of the Philippines, Mrs. Imelda R. Marcos, to the Libyan Arab Republic and which calls for the resumption of negotiations between the two parties concerned in Tripoli on the 15th of December 1976 A.D.
Negotiations were held in the City of Tripoli during the period between 24th Zulhija 1396 H. to Second to Moharram 1397 H. corresponding to the period from 15th to 23rd December 1976 A.D. at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presided over by Dr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of the Libyan Arab Republic, and comprising of the Delegations of:
1. Government of the Republic of the Philippines, led by Honorable Carmelo Z. Barbero, Undersecretary of National Defense for Civilian Relations.
2. Moro National Liberation Front, led by Mr. Nur Misuari Chief of the Front.
And with the participation of the representatives of the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission:
The Libyan Arab Republic - represented by Dr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - H.E. Salah Abdalla El-Fadl, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Libyan Arab Republic.
The Republic of Senegal - Mr. Abubakar Othman Si, Representative of the Republic of Senegal and Charge d’Affairs of Senegal in Cairo.
Democratic Republic of Somalia, Libyan Arab Republic.
With the aid of H.E. Dr. Amadou Karim Gaye, Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference, and a delegation from the Secretariat General of the Conference composed of Mr. Qasim Zuheri, Assistant Secretary General, and Mr. Aref Ben Musa, Director of Political Department.
During these negotiations which were marked by a spirit of conciliation and understanding, it has been agreed on the following:
First: The establishment of Autonomy in the Southern Philippines within the realm of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of the Philippines.
Second: The areas of the autonomy for the Muslims in the Southern Philippines shall comprise the following:
1. Basilan
2. Sulu
3. Tawi-tawi
4. Zamboanga del Sur
5. Zamboanga del Norte
6. North Cotabato
7. Maguindanao
8. Sultan Kudarat
9. Lanao del Norte
10. Lanao del Sur
11. Davao del Sur
12. South COtabato
13. Palawan
Third:
1. Foreign Policy shall be of the competence of the Central Government of the Philippines.
2. The National Defense Affairs shall be the concern of the Central Authority provided that the arrangements for the joining of the forces of the Moro National Liberation Front with the Philippine Armed Forces be discussed later.
3. In the areas of the autonomy, the Muslims shall have the right to set up their own Courts which implement the Islamic Shari’ah laws. The Muslims shall be represented in all Courts including the Supreme Court. The representation of the Muslims in the Supreme Court shall be upon the recommendation from the authorities of the Autonomy and the Supreme Court. Decrees will be issued by the President of the Republic of their appointments taking into consideration all necessary qualifications of the candidates.
4. Authorities of the autonomy in the South of the Philippines shall have the right to set up schools, colleges and universities, provided that matters pertaining to the relationship between these educational and scientific organs and the general education system in the state shall be subject of discussion later on.
5. The Muslims shall have their own administrative system in compliance with the objectives of the autonomy and its institutions. The relationship between this administrative system and the Central administrative system to be discussed later.
6. The authorities of the autonomy in the South of the Philippines shall have their own economic and financial system. The relationship between this system and the Central economic and financial system of the State shall be discussed later.
7. The authorities of the autonomy in the South of the Philippines shall enjoy the right of representation and participation in the Central Government and in all other organs of the State. The number of representatives and ways of participation shall be fixed later.
8. Special Regional Security Forces are to be set up in the area of the Autonomy for the Muslims in the South of the Philippines. The relationship between these forces and the Central security forces shall be fixed later.
9. A Legislative Assembly and an Executive Council shall be formed in the areas of the Autonomy for the Muslims. The setting up of the Legislative Assembly shall be constituted through a direct election, and the formation of the Executive Council shall take place through appointments by the Legislative Assembly. A decree for their formation shall be enacted by the President of the Republic respectively. The number of members of each assembly shall be determined later on.
10. Mines and mineral resources fall within the competence of the Central Government, and a reasonable percentage deriving from the revenues of the mines and minerals be fixed for the benefit of the areas of the autonomy.
11. A Mixed Committee shall be composed of representatives of the Central Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the representatives of the Moro National Liberation Front. The Mixed Committee shall meet in Tripoli during the period from the Fifth of February to a date not later than the Third of March 1977. The task of said Committee shall be charged to study in detail the points left for discussion in order to reach a solution thereof in conformity with the provisions of this agreement.
12. Cease-fire shall be declared immediately after the signature of this agreement, provided that its coming into effect should not exceed the 20th January 1977. A Joint Committee shall be composed of the two parties with the help of the Organization of the Islamic Conference represented by the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission to supervise the implementation of the cease-fire.
The said Joint Committee shall also be charged with supervising the following:
12.1. A complete amnesty in the areas of the autonomy and the renunciation of all legal claims and codes resulting from events which took place in the South of the Philippines.
12.2. The release of all the political prisoners who had relations with the events in the South of the Philippines.
12.3. The return of all refugees who have abandoned their areas in the South of the Philippines.
12.4. To guarantee the freedom of movements and meetings.
13. A joint meeting be held in Jeddah during the first week of the month of March 1977 to initial what has been concluded by the Committee referred to in Para. 11.
14. The final agreement concerning the setting up of the autonomy referred to in the first and second paragraphs shall be signed in the City of Manila, Republic of the Philippines, between the Government of the Philippines and Moro National Liberation Front, and the Islamic Conference represented by the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission and the Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference.
15. Immediately after the signature of the Agreement in Manila, a Provisional Government shall be established in the areas of the autonomy to be appointed by the President of the Philippines; and be charged with the task of preparing for the elections of the Legislative Assembly in the territories of the Autonomy; and administer the areas in accordance with the provisions of this agreement until a Government is formed by the elected Legislative Assembly.
16. The Government of the Philippines shall take all necessary constitutional processes for the implementation of the entire Agreement.
Fourth: This Agreement shall come into force with effect from the date of its signature.
Done in the City of Tripoli on 2nd Muharram 1397 H. corresponding to 23rd December 1976 A.D. in three original copies in Arabic, English, French languages, all equal in legal power.
For the Government of the Republic of the Philippines:
Hon. Carmelo Z. Barbero
Undersecretary of National Defense for Civilian Relations
For the Moro National Liberation Front:
Professor Nur Misuari
Chairman of the Front
Dr. Ali Abdusaalam Treki
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Libyan Arab Republic and Chairman of the Negotiations
Dr. Amadou Karim Gaye
Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference
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